Indasteri ea ho daea e na le bothata
Ho na le mathata a mangata mabapi le mekhoa ea hona joale ea ho daea masela le mekhoa ea kalafo, 'me hoo e batlang e le kaofela ha tsona li amana le tšebeliso e feteletseng ea metsi le tšilafalo.Ho daea k'hothone haholo-holo ho hloka metsi haholo, kaha ho hakanngoa hore ho daea le ho qeta ho ka sebelisa lilithara tse ka bang 125 tsa metsi k'hilograma e le 'ngoe ea likhoele tsa k'hothone.Hase feela hore ho daea ho hloka metsi a mangata, hape ho itšetlehile ka matla a mangata ho futhumatsa metsi le mouoane o hlokahalang bakeng sa qetello e lakatsehang.
Hoo e ka bang lithane tse 200,000 tsa lidae ( tsa boleng ba 1 bilione ea USD) li lahleheloa ke litšila ka lebaka la mekhoa e sa sebetseng ea ho daea le ho qeta (Chequer et al., 2013).Sena se bolela hore mekhoa ea hona joale ea ho daea ha e senye lisebelisoa le chelete feela, empa hape e ntša lik'hemik'hale tse chefo mehloling ea metsi a hloekileng.Karolo ea 60 ho isa ho 80 lekholong ea lidae tsohle ke lidae tsa AZO, tseo bongata ba tsona li tsejoang e le carcinogenic.Chlorobenzene hangata e sebelisoa ho daea polyester, 'me e chefo ha e hema kapa e kopana le letlalo ka kotloloho.Lik'hemik'hale tse nang le perfluorinated, formaldehydes le parafini ea chlorinated li sebelisoa ha ho qeta mekhoa ea ho etsa liphello tsa ho thibela metsi kapa ho thibela lelakabe, kapa ho etsa masela a bonolo ho hlokomela.
Joalo ka ha indasteri e eme kajeno, ha ho hlokahale hore barekisi ba lik'hemik'hale ba fane ka metsoako eohle e ka har'a dae.Tlaleho ea 2016 ea KEMI e fumane hore hoo e ka bang 30% ea lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ho etsa masela le ho daea e ne e le lekunutu.Ho hloka pepenene hona ho bolela hore barekisi ba lik'hemik'hale ba ka 'na ba sebelisa lintho tse chefo ho etsa lihlahisoa tse silafatsang mehloli ea metsi nakong ea tlhahiso le ho ntša ba apereng liaparo tse felileng kotsi.
Rea tseba hore boholo ba lik'hemik'hale tse ka bang chefo li sebelisoa ho daea liaparo tsa rona, empa ho na le khaello ea tsebo le pepeneneng mabapi le thepa ea tsona mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba batho le tikoloho.Tsebo e sa lekaneng mabapi le lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ke ka lebaka la marang-rang a arohaneng le a rarahaneng a liketane tsa phepelo le kabo.80% ea liketane tsa phepelo ea masela li teng kantle ho United States le EU, e leng ho etsang hore ho be thata ho mebuso ho laola mefuta ea lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang liaparong tse rekisoang ka lapeng.
Ha bareki ba bangata ba ntse ba hlokomela liphello tse kotsi tsa mekhoa ea hona joale ea ho daea, mekhoa e mecha ea ho daea e fana ka monyetla oa mekhoa e meng ea ho daea e baballang chelete e ngata, e sebetsang hantle le e tšoarellang.Boqapi ba mahlale a ho daea bo qala ho tloha kalafong ea pele ea k'hothone, ts'ebeliso ea dae e hatelletsoeng ea CO2, esita le ho theha mebala ea tlhaho ho tsoa ho likokoana-hloko.Mekhoa ea morao-rao ea ho daea e ka thusa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea metsi, ho nkela mekhoa e senyang sebaka ka e sebetsang hantle le e theko e tlaase le ho leka ho fetola ka ho feletseng tsela eo ka eona re bōpang li-pigments tse fanang ka liaparo tsa rona mebala e metle eo re e ratang.
Theknoloji e se nang metsi bakeng sa ho daea ho tsitsitseng
Mokhoa oa ho daea oa masela oa fapana ho latela mofuta oa lesela.Ho daea k'hothone ke ts'ebetso e telele le e ngata ea metsi le mocheso, ka lebaka la holim'a metsi a mabe a k'hothone.Sena se bolela hore hangata k'hothone e nka feela 75% ea dae e sebelisoang.E le ho etsa bonnete ba hore 'mala o tšoara, lesela le dailoeng kapa khoele ea hlatsuoa ebe e futhumatsoa khafetsa, e leng se hlahisang metsi a mangata a litšila.ColorZen e sebelisa theknoloji e nang le tokelo ea molao e phekolang k'hothone esale pele pele e ohloa.Phekolo ena ea pele e etsa hore mokhoa oa ho daea kapele, o fokotsa 90% ea tšebeliso ea metsi, matla a tlase ka 75% le lik'hemik'hale tse tlase ka 90% tse neng li tla hlokahala ho daea k'hothone ka katleho.
Ho daea likhoele tsa maiketsetso, joalo ka polyester, ke ts'ebetso e khuts'oane le ho lokisa dae ka 99% kapa ho feta (99% ea dae e kentsoeng e nkuoa ke lesela).Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se bolele hore mekhoa ea hona joale ea ho daea e tšoarella haholoanyane.AirDye e sebelisa lidae tse hasantsoeng tse kentsoeng ho sejari sa pampiri.Ka mocheso feela, AirDye e fetisetsa dae ho tloha pampiring ho ea holim'a masela.Ts'ebetso ena e phahameng ea mocheso e etsa hore dae e be le 'mala oa molek'hule.Pampiri e sebelisoang e ka sebelisoa hape, 'me ho sebelisoa metsi a fokolang ka 90%.Hape, matla a tlase a 85% a sebelisoa hobane masela ha a hloke ho kolobisoa ka metsing le mocheso o omisoang khafetsa.
DyeCoo e sebelisa CO₂ ho daea masela ka mokhoa o koetsoeng."Ha e hatelloa, CO₂ e fetoha supercritical (SC-CO₂).Sebakeng sena CO₂ e na le matla a phahameng haholo a solvent, a lumellang hore dae e qhibilihe habonolo.Ka lebaka la ho kenella haholo, lidae li tsamaisoa habonolo le ka botebo ka har'a likhoele, 'me li etsa mebala e khanyang."DyeCoo ha e hloke metsi, 'me ba sebelisa lidae tse hloekileng tse nang le 98%.Ts'ebetso ea bona e qoba lidae tse feteletseng tse nang le lik'hemik'hale tse bohale 'me ha ho na metsi a litšila a hlahisoang nakong ea ts'ebetso.Ba khonne ho holisa theknoloji ena mme ba na le litumellano tsa khoebo ho tsoa ho lifeme tsa masela le basebelisi ba ho qetela.
Li-pigments tse tsoang ho likokoana-hloko
Liaparo tse ngata tseo re li aparang kajeno li na le mebala e sebelisang lidae tsa maiketsetso.Bothata ka tsena ke hore lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse tala, tse kang oli e tala lia hlokahala nakong ea tlhahiso le lik'hemik'hale tse ekelitsoeng li chefo tikolohong le 'meleng ea rona.Le hoja lidae tsa tlhaho li se na chefo e fokolang joaloka lidae tsa maiketsetso, li ntse li hloka mobu oa temo le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana bakeng sa limela tse entseng dae.
Li-Labs lefatšeng ka bophara li sibolla mokhoa o mocha oa ho etsa mebala bakeng sa liaparo tsa rona: libaktheria.Streptomyces coelicolor ke kokoana-hloko eo ka tlhaho e fetolang 'mala ho latela pH ea bohareng eo e holang ka hare ho eona.Ka ho fetola tikoloho ea eona, hoa khoneha ho laola hore na e fetoha 'mala oa mofuta ofe.Mokhoa oa ho daea ka libaktheria o qala ka ho kenya lesela ka autoclaving ho thibela tšilafalo, ebe o tšela mokelikeli o nang le limatlafatsi tsa baktheria holim'a masela ka har'a setshelo.Joale, masela a kolobisitsoeng a pepesehela libaktheria 'me a siuoa ka kamoreng e laoloang ke boemo ba leholimo ka matsatsi a seng makae.Baktheria e "phela e daea" thepa, ho bolelang hore ha baktheria e ntse e hola, e daea masela.Lesela le hlatsuoa 'me le hlatsuoa ka bonolo ho hlatsoa monko oa baktheria, ebe o tlohela ho omella.Lidae tsa baktheria li sebelisa metsi a manyane ho feta lidae tse tloaelehileng, 'me li ka sebelisoa ho daea lipaterone tse ngata tse fapaneng ka mebala e mengata e fapaneng.
Faber Future, lab e thehiloeng UK, e sebelisa baeloji ea maiketsetso ho hlophisa libaktheria ho etsa mefuta e mengata ea mebala e ka sebelisoang ho etsa mebala ea likhoele tsa maiketsetso le tsa tlhaho (ho kenyeletsoa le k'hothone).
Living Color ke projeke ea meralo ea lintho tse phelang e thehiloeng Netherlands eo hape e ntseng e hlahloba menyetla ea ho sebelisa libaktheria tse hlahisang 'mala ho mebala liaparo tsa rona.Ka 2020, Living Colour le PUMA li ile tsa kopana ho theha pokello ea pele ea lipapali e fetotsoeng ke baktheria.
Ho qala ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho daea tikolohong ea rona
Plug and Play e batlisisa ka mafolofolo mahlale a macha a thusang ho tsamaisa phetoho e hlokahalang haholo indastering ea ho daea.Re hokahanya lits'ebetso tse ncha le marang-rang a rona a pharaletseng a balekane ba likhoebo, baeletsi le batseteli.
Sheba tse ling tsa tseo re li ratang haholo:
Werewool e nka pululelo ho tsoa tlhahong ho hlahisa masela a mebala-bala a tsoang ho liprotheine.E 'ngoe ea liprotheine tsena e tsoa ho Discosoma Coral e hlahisang 'mala o pinki o khanyang.DNA ea protheine ena e ka kopitsoa le ho kenngoa ka har'a baktheria.Joale baktheria ena e ka lohuoa hore e be tlhale ho etsa lesela le mebala.
Re sebelisa lidae tsa Re SpinDye ho tsoa ka libotlolong tsa metsi tsa bareki kapa liaparo tse senyehileng pele li ohloa hore e be khoele.Theknoloji ea bona e qhibilihisa mebala ea mebala le polyester e sebelisoang hape hammoho ntle le tšebeliso ea metsi, e leng ho fokotsang tšebeliso ea metsi ka kakaretso ka 75%.Litabeng tsa morao-rao, H&M e sebelisitse mokhoa oa ho daea oa We aRe SpinDye® pokellong ea bona ea Conscious Exclusive.
huue.e etsa hore moshoelella, biosynthetic indigo blue e reretsoeng indasteri ea denim.Theknoloji ea bona ha e sebelise petroleum, cyanide, formaldehyde kapa lisebelisoa tse fokotsang.Sena se felisa palo e kholo ea tšilafalo ea metsi.Ho e-na le ho sebelisa lik'hemik'hale tse chefo, huue.e sebelisa tsoekere ho etsa dae.Ba sebelisa theknoloji ea "bioengineering" ho theha likokoana-hloko tse bonahatsang ts'ebetso ea tlhaho le ho ja tsoekere ho hlahisa dae ka mokhoa oa enzymatic.
Re sa na le mosebetsi oo re lokelang ho o etsa
E le hore li-startups le mahlale a boletsoeng a atlehe 'me a fihle boemong ba khoebo, ho bohlokoa hore re tsamaise matsete le litšebelisano lipakeng tsa lik'hamphani tsena tse nyane, le lik'hamphani tse kholoanyane tse teng tsa feshene le tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Ha ho khonehe hore mahlale a macha e be likhetho tse sebetsang hantle moruong tseo mabitso a feshene a tla li amohela ntle le matsete le likamano.Litšebelisano pakeng tsa Living Color le PUMA, kapa SpinDye® le H&M ke lilekane tse peli feela tsa tse ngata tse hlokahalang tse lokelang ho tsoela pele haeba lik'hamphani li ikemiselitse ka tieo ho fetohela mekhoeng e tšoarellang ea ho daea e bolokang lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa le ho emisa ho silafatsa tikoloho.
Nako ea poso: Mar-14-2022